UpsideGapThreeMethods

Three-bar bullish continuation. Two white candles advance with an upside body gap between them, then a black candle opens inside the second body and closes inside the first, partially filling the gap without erasing the advance.

Quick reference

Field	Value
Family	Candlestick Patterns
Input type	Candle
Output type	f64 — +1.0 bullish, 0.0 otherwise (never -1.0)
Output range	{0.0, +1.0}
Default parameters	none — UpsideGapThreeMethods::new()
Warmup period	3 (first two bars always 0.0)
Interpretation	Uptrend continuation; the gap is defended, not closed

Formula

bar1 white, bar2 white
upside body gap:  open2 > close1            (bar2's body entirely above bar1's)
bar3 black, opens within bar2's body:  open2 < open3 < close2
bar3 closes within bar1's body:        open1 < close3 < close1

Bullish-only (never −1.0); the bearish mirror is DownsideGapThreeMethods. The black third candle pulls back into the gap but only as far as the first body — the advance survives. Thresholds are geometric, not TA-Lib rolling averages. See crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/upside_gap_three_methods.rs.

Parameters

None. Constructed with UpsideGapThreeMethods::new().

Signed ±1 encoding

Single-direction shape: +1.0 bullish, 0.0 no pattern — one feature-matrix dimension.

Inputs / Outputs

use wickra::{Indicator, UpsideGapThreeMethods, Candle};
// UpsideGapThreeMethods: Input = Candle, Output = f64
const _: fn(&mut UpsideGapThreeMethods, Candle) -> Option<f64> = <UpsideGapThreeMethods as Indicator>::update;

• Always emits a value. Never None; warmup and no-match bars return 0.0.
• Node. update(open, high, low, close) → number; batch(open, high, low, close) → Array<number>.
• Python. update(candle) → float; batch(open, high, low, close) → 1-D numpy.ndarray (0.0 on warmup / no-match).

Warmup

warmup_period() == 3. The first two bars return 0.0 (first_two_bars_return_zero, accessors_and_metadata).

Edge cases

• Leading bars must be white. A black first/second candle yields 0.0 (non_white_first_bars_yield_zero).
• Gap required. No upside body gap between bars 1 and 2 → 0.0 (no_gap_yields_zero).
• Third candle must be black and land in the bodies. A white third candle (third_bar_not_black_yields_zero) or one closing outside the first body (third_bar_outside_bodies_yields_zero) yields 0.0.
• Reset. reset() clears the two-bar cache (reset_clears_state).

Examples

Rust

use wickra::{Candle, Indicator, UpsideGapThreeMethods};

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let mut t = UpsideGapThreeMethods::new();
    println!("{:?}", t.update(Candle::new(10.0, 11.2, 9.8, 11.0, 1.0, 0)?));  // white
    println!("{:?}", t.update(Candle::new(12.0, 13.2, 11.9, 13.0, 1.0, 1)?)); // white, gaps up
    println!("{:?}", t.update(Candle::new(12.5, 12.6, 10.4, 10.5, 1.0, 2)?)); // black, fills partly
    Ok(())
}

Output:

Some(0.0)
Some(0.0)
Some(1.0)

The third candle opens at 12.5 inside bar2's body (12, 13) and closes at 10.5 inside bar1's body (10, 11) — an upside gap three methods. This matches upside_gap_three_methods_is_plus_one.

Python

import numpy as np
import wickra as ta

o = np.array([10.0, 12.0, 12.5])
h = np.array([11.2, 13.2, 12.6])
l = np.array([9.8,  11.9, 10.4])
c = np.array([11.0, 13.0, 10.5])

print(ta.UpsideGapThreeMethods().batch(o, h, l, c))  # [0. 0. 1.]

Node

const ta = require('wickra');
const t = new ta.UpsideGapThreeMethods();
t.update(10, 11.2, 9.8, 11);
t.update(12, 13.2, 11.9, 13);
console.log(t.update(12.5, 12.6, 10.4, 10.5)); // 1

Streaming

use wickra::{Candle, Indicator, UpsideGapThreeMethods};

let mut t = UpsideGapThreeMethods::new();
let candle_stream: Vec<wickra::Candle> = Vec::new(); // your live OHLCV candle feed
for bar in candle_stream {
    if t.update(bar) == Some(1.0) { /* uptrend continuation — gap defended */ }
}

Interpretation

1. Continuation, not reversal. The black pullback candle tests the gap but the advance holds; read it as a chance to stay long inside an uptrend.
2. Contrast with Tasuki. TasukiGap keeps the gap open; here the pullback partially fills it yet still stops at the first body — both are continuation signals with slightly different geometry.
3. Confirm the trend. Use within an established uptrend; pair with a trend filter.

Common pitfalls

• Mistaking it for a reversal. A black candle after two white ones looks bearish, but the contained pullback is a continuation tell.
• No trend context. Meaningless in a sideways range.

References

• Steve Nison, Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques (1991).

See also

• DownsideGapThreeMethods — the bearish mirror.
• TasukiGap — gap continuation that leaves the gap open.
• RisingThreeMethods — non-gap bullish continuation.
• Indicators-Overview — the full taxonomy.